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Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA(Scot) FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 – 10 February 1868) was a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, writer, historian of science and university principal. Most noted for his contributions to the field of optics, he studied the double refraction by compression and discovered the photoelastic effect,〔Thomas J. Bress (2009), "The Influence of Processing and Fluid Parameters on Injection Molding Flow". University of Michigan. ISBN 1109110898. p. 14.〕 which gave birth to the field of optical mineralogy.〔A. D. Morrison-Low (2004) "Brewster, Sir David (1781–1868)" in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' 〕 For his work, William Whewell dubbed him the "Father of modern experimental optics" and "the Johannes Kepler of Optics."〔William Whewell (1859) (''History of the Inductive Sciences'' ). D. Appleton. p. 133〕 He is well-recognized for being the inventor of the kaleidoscope and an improved version of the stereoscope applied to photography.〔John Werge (1890). (''The Evolution of Photography'' ). Piper and Carter〕 He called it the "lenticular stereoscope", which was the first portable, 3D viewing device.〔International Stereoscopic Union (2006) "Stereoscopy", Numbers 65–72, p. 18. "In 1849 Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster invents the lenticular stereoscope, the first practical, portable, 3D viewing device. This stereoscope used refractive lenses and began the protocol of having the stereo pairs mounted side by side."〕 He also invented the binocular camera,〔(Sir David Brewster ). historiccamera.com〕〔Thomas L. Hankins, Robert J. Silverman (1995) ''Instruments and the Imagination''. Prinston University Press. ISBN 9780691606453. p. 157〕 two types of polarimeters,〔Walter G. Egan, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (1992), "Polarization and remote sensing: 22–23 July 1992", p. 225〕 the polyzonal lens and the lighthouse illuminator.〔(Sir David Bruster ). brewstersociety.com〕 A prominent figure in the popularization of science,〔In the words of the ''Round Table'' Journal (1868): "Sir David Brewster...did more, probably, than has been done by any other one man for the popularization of science." H. E. and C. H. Sweeter, p. 124〕 he is considered one of the founders of the ''British Association'',〔. baas.research.glam.ac.uk〕〔(Science, Optics & You, Pioneers in Optics: "Sir David Brewster" ), Florida State University〕 of which he would be elected President in 1849. In addition, he was the editor of the 18-volume ''Edinburgh Encyclopædia''. ==Early life== David Brewster was born at the Canongate in Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, to Margaret Key (1753–1790) and James Brewster (c. 1735–1815), the rector of Jedburgh Grammar School and a teacher of high reputation. David was the third of six children, two daughters and four sons: James (1777–1847), minister at Craig, Ferryden; David; David; George (1784–1855), minister at Scoonie, Fife; and Patrick (1788–1859), minister at the abbey church, Paisley.〔 At the age of 12, David was sent to the University of Edinburgh (graduating MA in 1800), being intended for the clergy. He was licensed a minister of the Church of Scotland, but only preached from the pulpit on one occasion. He had already shown a strong inclination for natural science, and this had been fostered by his intimacy with a "self-taught philosopher, astronomer and mathematician", as Sir Walter Scott called him, of great local fame—James Veitch of Inchbonny—a man who was particularly skilful in making telescopes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「David Brewster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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